In a significant development, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Task Force has recently concluded its safety review of Japan’s treated water discharge at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS). The review, encompassing the period since the discharge began in August 2023, brings reassuring findings regarding adherence to international safety standards.
Background
Japan initiated the discharge as part of its plan to release treated water stored at the FDNPS site into the sea over a 30-year period. The water, previously used to cool melted nuclear fuel, undergoes treatment with the Advanced Liquid Processing System (ALPS), effectively removing most radioactive contaminants except tritium.
IAEA Task Force Observations
The IAEA Task Force, comprised of experts from 11 different countries, undertook a comprehensive review mission from October 24 to 27, 2023. Their observations align with the conclusions drawn in the IAEA’s earlier safety report from July 2023. The Task Force confirmed that the discharge is consistent with international safety standards and emphasized the negligible radiological impact on both people and the environment.
To implement the IAEA’s review transparently and inclusively, the Task Force included experts from the IAEA Secretariat alongside internationally recognized independent experts with extensive experience from a wide range of technical specialties from the following countries:
- Argentina
- Australia
- Canada
- China
- France
- The Marshall Islands
- The Republic of Korea
- The Russian Federation
- The United Kingdom
- The United States
- Viet Nam
Operational Overview
The treated water, stored in approximately 1000 tanks on-site, is gradually being released in batches. As of now, three batches, totaling 23,400 cubic meters, have been discharged. The IAEA Task Force, during its mission, scrutinized the facilities and equipment at FDNPS responsible for the ALPS-treated water discharge.
Regulatory Infrastructure and Oversight
The Task Force highlighted the presence of a robust regulatory infrastructure in Japan, ensuring operational safety oversight of the discharge process. The Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA) actively oversees on-site activities, providing an additional layer of assurance. This on-the-ground presence was witnessed and acknowledged by the Task Force during their visit.
Optimization of Protection and Future Considerations
While affirming Japan’s adherence to safety standards, the Task Force stressed the importance of considering the optimization of protection. This process, determining the level of protection and safety for individuals, is crucial for the overall decommissioning of the FDNPS site. Acknowledging that the discharge is in its early stages, the Task Force recognized the need for further time and operational experience.
Ongoing Corroboration of Data
In addition to the safety review, the IAEA issued two reports detailing its ongoing corroboration of measurement data supporting Japan’s discharge plan. Interlaboratory comparisons assessed TEPCO’s capabilities in accurately measuring radionuclides in treated water, providing confidence in Japan’s monitoring capabilities.
Conclusion and Future Steps
The positive findings from the IAEA safety review offer reassurance regarding Japan’s treated water discharge at Fukushima. As the process continues, ongoing review missions and a commitment to transparency will be crucial. The next review mission is anticipated in the spring of 2024. The IAEA’s continuous presence at the Fukushima Daiichi NPS Office reflects its commitment to monitoring and assessing the ongoing water discharge.
Final Thoughts
The IAEA Task Force’s comprehensive safety review provides valuable insights into the adherence of Japan’s treated water discharge to international standards. While recognizing the early stages of the process, the findings underscore the importance of continued vigilance, transparency, and cooperation in addressing environmental and safety concerns. The world will be watching as Japan navigates through this crucial phase in the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station.
